Prevalencia e indicadores de riesgo de recesiones gingivales en adolescentes de Valdivia en el año 2018 / Prevalence and risk indicators of gingival recessions in school senior students in the city of Valdivia in 2018

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de recesiones gingivales e identificar indicadores de riesgo, en estudiantes de cuarto medio de la ciudad de Valdivia en el año 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal. Se midió la prevalencia, distribución y tipo de recesión gingival según clasificación de Miller en estudiantes de cuarto medio de establecimientos públicos y subvencionados de la ciudad de Valdivia, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Dos examinadores calibrados realizaron un examen clínico utilizando una sonda periodontal carolina del norte y un cuestionario escrito individual a cada estudiante para evaluar indicadores de riesgo. Los datos fueron tabulados y el análisis estadístico se realizó usando el programa estadístico SPSS 18 (IBM® SPSS® software). RESULTADOS: Se examinaron 310 estudiantes. La prevalencia encontrada fue de 68,4%. La Clase I de Miller se presentó en un 97,7%. La arcada mandibular con un 64,8% presentó mayor prevalencia de recesiones gingivales y los premolares inferiores fueron los dientes más afectados con un 47,7%. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe una alta prevalencia de recesiones gingivales en la población estudiada. Los estudiantes de establecimientos públicos presentan significativamente mayor prevalencia de recesiones gingivales y menor frecuencia de cepillado.

AIM: To determine the prevalence of gingival recessions and identify risk indicators in school senior students in the city of Valdivia in 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive observational study. Prevalence, distribution and type of gingival recession were measured according to Miller classification in school senior students of public and charter establishments in the city of Valdivia, selected by stratified random sampling. A clinical examination was performed by two calibrated examiners using a North Carolina periodontal probe and an individual written questionnaire for each student to assess risk indicators. A descriptive analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 18 (IMB® SPSS® software). RESULTS: 310 students were examined. The prevalence found of at least one gingival recession was 68.4%. Miller's Class I was present in 97.7%. The jaw presented a higher prevalence of gingival recessions with 64.8% and the lower premolars were the most affected teeth with 47.7%. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of gingival recessions in the population studied. Students in public establishments have a higher prevalence of recessions and a lower frequency of tooth brushing.

Progress in clinical treatment and etiology of gingival recession / 口腔疾病防治

@#Gingival recession is one of the common oral symptoms. Periodontal soft tissue defects caused by gingival recession and problems related to aesthetics, prosthetics and orthodontic treatment have garnered increasing attention. This article reviews the etiology, classification and treatment of gingival recession to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of gingival recession. Anatomical characteristics of teeth, bacterial and viral infection, Occlusion trauma, Improperbrushing methods and other daily behaviors and iatrogenic factors may lead to gingival recession. Miller classification is the most commonly used classification standard. It is divided into 4 degrees according to the relationship between gingival recession and the association between the gingival membrane and the loss of adjacent alveolar bone or interdental papilla. Gingival surgeries, such as coronally advanced flap, laterally positioned flap, subepithelial connective tissue graft for Miller Ⅰ degrees and Ⅱ gingival recession retreat, obtain a more satisfactory success rate. Regarding the Ⅲ degree gingival recession, the postoperative curative effect is poor and can only cover part of the root. Regarding Ⅳ degrees gingival recession, surgery cannot reach the root surface coverage. For patients with Miller Ⅳgingival recession caused by severe periodontitis, the surgical treatment is poor, and repair methods, such as sputum, can also be considered. In recent years, a variety of biological materials have been jointly applied to gingival surgery, such as tooth enamel matrix derivative (EMD), allograft acellular dermal matrix (ADM), porcine collagen matrix (PCM) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The use of these biomaterials can improve root coverage, increase gingival thickness and keratinized gingival width, avoid the requirement of palatal flap removal, reduce the surgical risk and increase patient compliance.

Classification systems for gingival recession and suggestion of a new classification system

Gingival recession is one of the most usual esthetic concerns associated with the periodontal tissues. Classification of such condition is important to diagnose, determine the prognosis, and frame the treatment plan. Various classifications have been put forward since decades to classify gingival recession. Miller's classification is the widely used classification among all classifications, but certain drawbacks have been noted in this classification. Therefore, an effort is made to review most commonly used classification systems for gingival recession, and their drawbacks further come up with a proposal of new classification system for gingival recession.

Morphological patterns of gingival recession in adult chilean population / Patrones morfológicos de recesiones gingivales en población chilena adulta

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of morphological patterns of gingival recession, attachment loss, and type of interdental papilla in adult subjects of different age in a Chilean population. A total of 105 patients with ages ranging from 18 to 64 years of both sexes participated in our study. The prevalence of gingival recession was 92.38 percent, affecting 530 teeth. The morphological pattern of gingival recession most common was class II (34.94 percent), followed by types III, I and IV. According to ANOVA test, differences were significant in relation to the mean number of affected teeth. Of those who had recessions, females had a slightly higher prevalence. The range 18-34 years showed a prevalence of 82.22 percent and from 35 years increased to 100 percent. The vertical extent between 0-3mm and horizontal between 4-7mm were the most prevalent affected 88.68 percent and 59.05 percent of teeth, respectively. Attachment loss was 3-4mm in 316 teeth (59.62 percent), and the most prevalent interdental papillae on the different patterns was type I (40.18 percent) followed by type III (21.88 percent). Differences were statistically significant (p=0.001) in relation to age of individuals who presented diferent morphological patterns of gingival recession. For the others parameters (depth and width of the recession, attachment loss) we found no statistically significant differences with a confidence interval of 95 percent. These findings represent a contribution for the evaluation of gingival recession in our population, particularly in the anterior aesthetic zone.

El objetivo fue determinar los patrones morfológicos de recesión gingival más prevalentes junto al grado de pérdida de inserción clínica y tipo de papila interdentaria en una muestra de población chilena. Se evaluaron 105 pacientes de ambos sexos, con edades entre 18 y 64 años. La prevalencia de recesión gingival fue del 92,38 por ciento, afectando 530 dientes. El patrón morfológico de recesión más frecuente fue el clase II (34,94 por ciento), seguido por los tipos III, I y IV. Según la Prueba de ANOVA, fueron encontradas diferencias significativas en relación a las medias de dientes afectados entre los individuos que presentaban recesión. El sexo femenino presentó una prevalencia ligeramente mayor. En el rango de 18-34 años se observó una prevalencia de 82,22 por ciento y desde los 35 años aumentó al 100 por ciento. La extensión vertical entre 0-3mm y horizontal entre 4-7mm fueron las más prevalentes y afectaron al 88,68 por ciento y 59,05 por ciento de los dientes, respectivamente. La perdida de inserción más habitual fue del rango 3-4mm en 316 dientes (59,62 por ciento ). El tipo de papila interdentaria en las recesiones gingivales fue del tipo I (40.18 por ciento) seguido por el tipo III (21.88 por ciento). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.001) en relación a la edad de los individuos que presentaron estos patrones morfológicos de recesión gingival y quiénes no. Estos resultados representan una contribución para la evaluación de la recesión gingival en nuestra población, particularmente en la zona estética anterior.

Statistical analysis of the prevalence, severity and some possible etiologic factors of gingival recessions among the adult population of Thamar city, Yemen

Introduction and objectives: Gingival recession is an undesirable condition resulting in root exposure which is often not esthetic and may lead to sensitivity and root caries. The objective of the current study was to quantify and analyze the prevalence and severity of the gingival recession problem and also to identify the influence of some risk factors on gingival recession's occurrence. The current study is arguably important because there was no previous study of this type in Yemen. Material and methods: This study was performed on 602 non missing teeth participants of age class ≥ 20 years old who attending the learning dental clinics of faculty of dentistry at Thamar University, and Thamar General Hospital during the period January to October 2010. All measurements of gingival recession and loss of attachment were done with periodontal probe and under sufficient illumination. Furthermore the severity of gingival recessions was evaluated based on Miller's classification. Some measurements were done twice randomly in order to examine intra-observer agreement of data. Statistical analysis was accomplished using Chi-squares test and Logistic Linear Regression. Results: Our findings showed that 60.5% of patients had gingival recessions. The trend of gingival recession was upward within 20-29 (15.0%) to 30-39 years of age (16.8%) and was descending within 40-49 (15.9%) to 50 years of age and older (12.8%). Prevalence of gingival recession in females (33.6%) was found to be significantly higher than that in males (26.9%), (P<0.05). The localized recession (26.7%) and that of generalized (33.7%) were found to be significantly different, (P<0.05). The most significant differences of prevailed recessions were detected in buccal-labial & balatal-lingual (44.5%) and the upper & lower teeth (34.6%), respectively, (P<0.05). In addition, the recession in the anterior teeth (25.7%) was significantly much higher than that in posterior teeth (6%). Moreover, Class I Miller was significantly (P<0.05) the most common type of recession (30.5%) when compared to the other classes. The recession percentages of gingival recession size; < 3 mm (26.9), 3-4 mm (9.1) and > 4 mm (24.4), were found to differ significantly, (P<0.05). Similarly, the percentages of recessions in loss of attachment size; < 3 mm (8.8), 3-4 mm (9.3) and > 4 mm (42.5), were also significantly different, (P<0.05). Finally, the relationship between gingival recession and the concomitant risk factors was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of gingival recession (60.5%) among Yemeni population may relate to the destructive periodontitis, and khat chewing so the implementation of oral hygiene instructions programs among Yemeni population would be a necessity.